Carboxylic acids are compounds containing a functional group called the carboxyl group (-COOH). The general molecular formula for carboxylic acids is CnH2n+1COOH. An ester is an organic compound where the hydrogen in the carboxyl group is replaced with a hydrocarbon chain. Esters are derived from carboxylic acids and (usually) an alcohol. The chemical formula of an ester is RCO2R ′ , where R is the hydrocarbon parts of the carboxylic acid and R ′ is the introduced group. Both carboxylic acids and esters contain a carbonyl group with a second oxygen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group by a single bond. In a carboxylic acid, the second oxygen atom also bonds to a hydrogen atom. In an ester, the second oxygen atom bonds to another carbon atom. The names for carboxylic acids and esters include prefixes that denote the lengths of the carbon chains in the molecules and are derived following nomenclature rules similar to those for inorganic acids and sa...
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